Hymenoplasty

Hymenoplasty, medically known as hymen repair surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to reconstruct the hymen. This procedure can be requested for cultural, social, or personal reasons, particularly in societies where the integrity of the hymen carries significant importance. As Turkey’s largest city and a major cultural hub, Istanbul is frequently chosen as a destination for such procedures. In this article, we will provide comprehensive information about hymenoplasty in Istanbul.

The hymen plays a role in maintaining vaginal health. Its presence supports the proper development of the vaginal structure. Due to the intense psychological pressure surrounding virginity tests and the concept of virginity in some societies, women often undergo a challenging decision-making process before opting for hymenoplasty. One crucial consideration is that the procedure should be performed by qualified professionals in fully equipped and hygienic medical centers. While every woman has the right to make decisions about her own body, ensuring the procedure is safe and conducted by experienced specialists is essential.

Structure of the Hymen

The hymen, medically termed “hymen,” is typically located 1 to 1.5 cm inside the vaginal opening. Although historically associated with a woman’s chastity, the hymen actually contributes to vaginal health. Its structure varies from woman to woman. Usually mucosal, the hymen has a central opening that allows menstrual blood to flow out. The shape and size of this opening may differ depending on the type of hymen.

The main types of hymens include:

• Annular Hymen

• Imperforate Hymen

• Septate Hymen

• Cribriform Hymen

• Eccentric Hymen

In some women, elastic hymens may not tear or bleed during intercourse due to insufficient pressure. These types of hymens may only rupture during childbirth or sometimes during childhood or adolescence due to physical activity.

How Is Hymenoplasty Performed?

Hymenoplasty procedures are performed using two primary techniques: temporary and permanent.

Temporary Hymenoplasty:
This procedure is done shortly before the planned sexual encounter. The torn edges of the hymen are sutured together, sometimes using additional tissue from the posterior vaginal wall (flap technique). Dissolvable sutures are used, eliminating the need for suture removal after healing.

Permanent Hymenoplasty:
Permanent reconstruction is more commonly preferred when no sexual encounter date is planned. In this technique, new hymen tissue is created from vaginal mucosa, and bleeding is expected to occur even years later during first intercourse.

Complications after hymenoplasty are very rare. Patients may experience mild pain or burning sensation. Rest, prescribed medications, and a follow-up appointment about a week after surgery are usually sufficient. Most patients can return to normal life shortly after the procedure, even if general anesthesia is used. However, women who cannot take at least a week of rest after surgery may not be ideal candidates for permanent hymenoplasty. After healing, patients can continue with a normal marital life.

Even women who have previously given birth may opt for this procedure. The surgery can only be identified through a gynecological examination. Because of its private nature, the procedure remains confidential between the patient and the doctor. It is not detectable by physical examination or touch before or during intercourse. The hymen appears as if it had never been torn, and bleeding occurs during the first sexual experience after surgery.

Hymenoplasty is not performed solely for virginity restoration. It can also be used to repair the hymen following surgical interventions required for medical access to upper genital organs.

Comparison of Hymenoplasty Techniques

Preoperative Considerations for Hymenoplasty

Before undergoing hymenoplasty in Istanbul, it is important that the vaginal area is free from infections or discharge. Any existing infection may lead to suture opening after surgery; thus, antibiotic treatment is required if infection is present. The surgery should ideally be scheduled about 7 days before or immediately after menstruation. If menstruation occurs shortly after surgery, it may disrupt the healing process. In preparation for surgery, patients should avoid washing the genital area with soap, shower gels, or intimate cleansers and avoid daily panty liners. Any mucosal conditions like allergies or dermatitis that could delay wound healing should also be addressed beforehand.

Postoperative Care After Hymenoplasty

• Avoid showers for at least one week after surgery.

• Prevent constipation by maintaining a fiber-rich diet.

• Take all medications as prescribed.

• Perform dressings twice a day (morning and evening) as directed by the doctor.

• Avoid cycling, running, and strenuous exercise for one month.

• Sports like Pilates and yoga may be resumed after one month.

Hymenoplasty in Istanbul

Istanbul stands out as one of the leading centers for hymenoplasty, thanks to its modern medical infrastructure, international-standard sterile operating rooms, and experienced gynecologists. Clinics in Istanbul are particularly known for respecting patient privacy, ensuring complete confidentiality and comfort throughout the treatment process. Op. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz is among the well-known gynecologists in Istanbul who offer patient-focused and highly professional care in this field.

The First Sexual Experience After Hymenoplasty

The first sexual experience after surgery can be both physically and emotionally sensitive for many women. While bleeding is likely to occur during the first intercourse, proper foreplay, relaxation, and a supportive partner can help prevent pain or discomfort. Some women choose to have a follow-up consultation with their gynecologist before engaging in sexual activity for reassurance.